Equivalent dynamic modeling of active distribution networks for TSO-DSO interactions

Active distribution networks (ADNs) respond to system disturbances and influence the dynamic behavior of the entire power system. One of the most promising solutions to model the response of ADNs is the development of equivalent dynamic models, which are capable of dynamically representing ADNs by reducing system complexity. Gray-box modeling allows to select a physically parameterized model, based on the available physical knowledge. In this way, all model parameters maintain a physical meaning, which makes possible to simulate generation and load variations including control and automation actions. This chapter starts from a gray-box linear modeling method. Subsequently, a gray-box nonlinear modeling method is introduced, including system operating constraints and avoiding any linearization of the model. The result is a model that can be effectively adapted to different configurations and operating conditions. Simulations and experimental results are detailed and discussed.