Identification, antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of the human emerging pathogen Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus

This study aimed to retrospectively identify 22Streptococcus bovis clinical strains based on the new taxonomy, as well as to investigate their antibiotic-resistance and clonality. Strains were identified by Phoenix100 system, 16S rRNA sequencing, and two MALDI-TOF MS platforms (Bruker Biotyper, Vitek MS). Antibiotic resistance was determined both phenotypically and genotypically, and clonality was assessed by PFGE. Most of strains (63.6%) were isolated from urine, and diabetes was the most common underlying disease (31.8%). Phoenix100 system revealed all strains belonged to biotype II, and 16S rRNA sequencing identified all strains as S. gallolyticus subsp pasteurianus (SGSP). Although both MALDI-TOF MS systems correctly identified isolates to the species level, only Bruker Biotyper accurately identified to the subspecies level. Erythromycin-resistant strains (31.8%) were also clindamycin-resistant and positive for erm(B). Strains resistant to tetracycline (68.2%) were also resistant to erythromycin. PFGE showed high genetic variability identifying 17 different pulsotypes, most of which single