Periprosthetic breast abscess caused by Streptococcus pyogenes after scarlet fever

We present a case of a 32-year-old white women, affectedby breast cancer and treated with mastectomy, who underwentimmediate breast reconstruction with a tissue expander. She presenteda periprosthetic infection from Streptococcus pyogenes(group A streptococcus, GAS) after scarlet fever. S. pyogenes maybe responsible for suppurative complications of the respiratorysystem and a variety of metastatic foci of infection such as suppurativearthritic, endocarditis, meningitis, or brain abscess. Eventhough, in the literature, several cases and types of infection associatedwith breast implantation have been described, to our knowledgethis is the first case report of periprosthetic infection afterscarlet fever. Signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of GASinfection that occurred 2 months after the surgery are discussed.