Cardiac imaging in childhood cancer survivors: a state-of-the-art review

Childhood cancer survival has improved significantly in the past few decades, reaching rates of 80% or more at 5 years. However, with improved sur-vival, early-and late-occurring complications of che-motherapy and radiotherapy exposure are becoming progressively more evident. Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of non-oncological morbid-ity and mortality in this highly vulnerable population. Therefore, the necessity of reliable, noninvasive screening tools able to early identify cardiac complica-tions early is now pre-eminent in order to implement prevention strategies and mitigate disease progression. Echocardiography, may allow identification of myo-cardial dysfunction, pericardial complications, and valvular heart diseases. However, additional imaging modalities may be necessary in selected cases. This manuscript provides an in-depth review of noninvasive imaging parameters studied in childhood cancer survi-vors. Furthermore, we will illustrate brief surveillance recommendations according to available evidence and future perspectives in this expanding field. (Curr Probl Cardiol 2023;48:101544.)