TaTME approach as a rescue during a laparoscopic TME for high rectal cancer. A case report

Introduction and importance: In the last years, transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) has been described in rectal cancer treatment, especially in challenging patients, difficulties in pelvic exposure and limitations of instrumentation improving not only dissection but also the preservation of autonomic pelvic nerves and the achievement of a restorative procedure. Here we report a case report of anterior laparoscopic rectal resection for adenocarcinoma of the high-mid rectum converted to transanal approach. Case presentation: A 69-year-old male presented hepatic nodules during radiological follow-up for prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy (70 Gy). The biopsy of the lesion demonstrated the presence of a metastatic lesion of an adenocarcinoma, with suspected intestinal origin. Then, we perform an endoscopic examination, which showed the presence of a rectal lesion, which cause a bowel stenosis extended from the middle part to the upper part of the rectum. After chemoradiotherapy, an anterior rectal resection was performed. During surgery we could not perform the resection of the rectum due the thickness and fibrosis of the tissue, despite we used different branded mechanical stapler. So, we decided to complete the surgical treatment starting a TaTME procedure with resolution of the problem. Clinical discussion: TaTME is a relatively new technique that had already become a valid option in the treatment of low rectal cancer, and, nowadays, also in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. As reported in literature, this technique has a number of advantages, especially in narrow pelvis and it is very useful in low rectal surgery. Conclusion: This case report aims to describe the possible use of TaTME procedure as a rescue also when this approach is not the first choice.