Electrified steam methane reforming as efficient pathway for sustainable hydrogen production and industrial decarbonization: A critical review

Hydrogen (H2) is a promising candidate for decarbonizing energy systems due to its high energy density and zero CO2 emissions upon combustion. However, the current paradox is that primary H2 synthesis relies on fossil fuels, accounting for 96% of global production, primarily through Steam Methane Reforming (SMR). The conventional SMR process is energy-intensive and contributes significantly to global CO2 emissions. Electrified steam methane reforming (eSMR) emerges as an effective alternative, as conventional furnaces are replaced with electric heating systems. The process electrification contributes to the decarbonization of energy-intensive industrial sector by leveraging renewable energy integration into the electric grid. Furthermore, eSMR overcomes limitations present in traditional SMR, such as inefficient heat transfer and the impact of the economy of scale. This review critically analyses the potential of eSMR for decarbonization and process intensification, providing insights into the most reported electrification techniques, technological advancements, limitations, and considerations for industrial scale-up perspectives. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC