Italian Guidelines for Cardiological Evaluation in Competitive Football Players: A Detailed Review of COCIS Protocols

Background: Medical clearance for competitive sports is vital to safeguarding athletes' health, particularly in high-intensity disciplines like football. In Italy, fitness assessments follow stringent protocols set by the Commissione di Vigilanza per il controllo dell'Idoneit & agrave; Sportiva (COCIS), with a strong focus on cardiovascular screening. The primary goal is to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD), a rare but catastrophic event in athletes. Methods: This paper provides an in-depth narrative review of the 2023 COCIS guidelines, examining the cardiological screening process, required diagnostic tests, management of identified cardiovascular conditions, and the protocols' role in reducing SCD risk. Results: Comparisons with international standards underscore the effectiveness of the Italian approach. Conclusions: The COCIS 2023 guidelines provide clear, evidence-based protocols for cardiovascular risk assessment, significantly enhancing athlete safety and reducing the incidence of SCD in high-intensity sports.