Comparative Assessment of Virtual Inertia in Grid Forming-Based Wind Turbines

The ongoing transition from traditional to renewable generation dominated by Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) presents new challenges to maintaining power system stability. In this context, Grid-Forming (GFM) control using Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) strategies offers grid support capabilities. This study investigates the GFM control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) Wind Turbine (WT). A set of study cases is simulated to assess the impact of virtual inertia under varying wind speeds and different levels of inertia. The analysis considers two operational modes: Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and deloaded mode. System performance is evaluated on the basis of the Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) and the frequency nadir. Additionally, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the effect of frequency droop in GFM-VSG control has not been previously examined in the context of virtual inertia provision. Therefore, a comparative analysis is presented in the two operating modes.