Mechanical and thermal stimulation for studying the somatosensory system: a review on devices and methods

The somatosensory system is widely studied to understand its functioning mechanisms. Multiple tests, based on different devices and methods, have been performed not only on humans but also on animals and ex-vivo models. Depending on the nature of the sample under analysis and on the scientific aims of interest, several solutions for experimental stimulation and for investigations on sensation or pain have been adopted. In this review paper, an overview of the available devices and methods has been reported, also analyzing the representative values adopted during literature experiments. Among the various physical stimulations used to study the somatosensory system, we focused only on mechanical and thermal ones. Based on the analysis of their main features and on literature studies, we pointed out the most suitable solution for humans, rodents, and ex-vivo models and investigation aims (sensation and pain).